（1） with the （rapidly）growing popularity of （computers/private cars） in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。
（2） With the （rapid）growth of （our economy/population），many problems such as （water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management）are beginng to surface
（3） With the development of （science and technology/market economy），more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that
（4） Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over .
（5） Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion aboutis under way in China .some people believe that ,whereas others argue that
（6） There are some reasons for owning .To begin with,Next,Last,There are,on the oher hand,many reasons against it,First,Second,Finally,
（7） There are many advantanges and disadvantages in.
（8） There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something
（9） Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that The second reason is that /On the one hand , On the other hand,
（10） The possible solutions of depend on three factors
（11） The tow major reasons responsible forare
2．常用于结尾的短语、句式
（1） It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to 。。。
（2） To conclude，we can see that （the best way/the possible solution）is。。。
（3） In short，（shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution）are the major problems to be solved to（increase rain production）。
（4） In order to make our world a better palce in which to live we should make great efforts to。。。
（5） In a word ，there are three suggestions we must follow ，only in this way can we（achieve a great success）。
（6） It is time for us to take an actie part in。。。
（7） Let us work hand in hand in hand to（solve these social problems）
3．陈述或论证看法、怎么看（view，point，opinion）、缘由（reason、cause）、办法、方法、手段、步骤。。。。。。（method，means，measures，step。。。）、原因（factor）、利弊、优势和弊端（advantage，disadvantage）时常见的词汇、句式：
（1）引述段落提出问题时常见的句式、词汇：
。。。。是什么原因有很多。There are many reasons why。。。
。。。。是什么原因如下；The reasons why 。。。are as follows
我的怎么看是。。。。My opinon is that
（2）展开段落论证时常见的句式、词汇：
①、第一层次（第一）First，Firstly，In the first place，First of all ，To begin with，For one thing。
我的第一理由是。。。My first reason is that。。。
主要原因是。。。。The main factor is that 。。。
②第二层次（第二）Second ，Secondly，In the Second plce，Next，Then，For another，
另一种办法是。。。Another means of 。。。is to do。。
第二种解决方案是。。。the second solution is that。。。
③第三层次（第三点）Third，athirdly，besides，in adition，furthermore，what is more important
（3）概要性段落常用句式、词汇：
最后一点 last，lastly，finally，in the last place ，last of all，in short，in brief
简言之 in a word ，in summary，tosum up
总之， in conclusion，on the whole，altogether，in all
因此， so，thus，hence，therefor。Consequently，for thee reasons
结果， in consequence，as a result
这样来看。。。 it will be seen from it that
如上所述，大家可以得出结论。。。as has been said above，we can conclude/make a conclusion/draw a conclusion/reach a conclusion come to aconclusion that。。。
（4）将事物的正反、好坏两方面，或者将两种不同事物进行比较，对比时常见的句式、短语：
然而 while ，whereas，but，however，nevertheless
尽管这样 in spite of that，despite all this
但在其次 but on the other hand
与。。。相比 in/by in comparison with。。。/as compare with。。。
对比之下 by/in contrast
与。。。相反 as opposed to。。。/instead of。。。
相反 on the contrary，instead
他们有什么区别如下 The differences sre as follows；the differences can be described as follows
A与B之间的不同在于。。。。the differences between A and B is /lies in/exests in/consists in。。。；A is different from B in。。。
